The only total solar eclipse of 2021 creates dazzling sight over Antarctica - Space.com

The only total solar eclipse of 2021 took place under especially isolated circumstances today, sweeping over sparsely populated Antarctica and surrounding areas to create a spectacular sight visible to only a few dedicated eclipse chasers in its path..

The partial phase of the solar eclipse began Saturday (Dec. 4) at 2 a.m. EST (0700 GMT), and included less than two minutes of totality at 2:44 a.m. EST (0744 GMT), before ending at 3:06 a.m. (0806 GMT), according to NASA. The space agency broadcast live views of the eclipse as seen by scientists Theo Boris and Christian Lockwood of the JM Pasachoff Antarctic Expedition from their observing point in Union Glacier, Antarctica. You can see amazing photos of the total solar eclipse from Antarctica here.

Since solar eclipses happen when the new moon passes in front of the face of the sun, only a narrow band of Earth fell into the moon's very small shadow. The total eclipse swept across the National Science Foundation's Palmer Station (usual summer population, about 40 humans) and in partial phase, across the much larger McMurdo Station (usually about 1,000 people.)

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This handout picture released by Imagen Chile shows Chilean and US scientists looking at a solar eclipse from the Union Glacier in Antarctica on December 4, 2021. (Image credit: Felipe Trueba/Imagen Chile/AFP via Getty Images)

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The moon passes in front of the sun in the only total solar eclipse of 2021 in this still from a video captured by Theo Boris and Christian Lockwood of the JM Pasachoff Antarctic Expedition from their observing point in Union Glacier, Antarctica on Dec. 4, 2021. — The total solar eclipse of 2021 begins in this still from a video captured by Theo Boris and Christian Lockwood of the JM Pasachoff Antarctic Expedition on Dec. 4, 2021. (Image credit: Theo Boris/Christian Lockwood /JM Pasachoff Antarctic Expedition/NASA TV)

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But the biggest population of Antarctic viewers was likely emperor penguins. It's impossible to predict from a distance how many of them saw a total view of the eclipse. A 2020 estimate of the Antarctic-based population from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, however, suggests there are up to 650,000 total individuals in the region — or 650 birds for every scientist at McMurdo.

From the air, a few lucky individuals were expected to see the show, pandemic quarantine conditions allowing. Two scenic flights were scheduled to depart from Santiago, Chile and from Melbourne, Australia to grab a quick glimpse of totality, though at an expensive price for passengers, according to Forbes. Pricing on the Chile opportunity, for example, ranged from $6,500 up to $9,100 per row of three seats.

If we consider partial phases of the solar eclipse, where the moon took a "bite" out of the sun, the population count of humans who saw the event substantially jumps. The southernmost regions within Australia, New Zealand, Argentina and South Africa viewed a small shadow of the lunar disk moving over the sun, according to an interactive map from Time and Date.

Otherwise, the only other large population who got to see the eclipse were virtual viewers in webcasts like NASA and the JM Pasachoff Antarctic Expedition, which captured stunning views of the total solar eclipse from Union Glacier, Antarctica, although the stream was dependent on weather.